Article on Gaelic puirt-a-beul (mouth music)

Illustrated via the song 'S ioma rud a dhith orm (other titles: Mòr a' Cheannaich, Domhnall dubh an Domhnallaich)

By Craig Cockburn for The Adult Learning Project, Scots Music Group

For further information. I have also written an article on traditional Gaelic singing in general which you might also find interesting.

'S ioma rud a dhith orm is a Gaelic puirt-a-beul (Strathspey). Puirt-a-beul (=mouth music) is lyrics written primarily for dancing to. Consequently the lyrics are only of secondary importance - the rhythm in this song is the most important aspect and the rhythm takes precedence over the rhythm and stresses of the Gaelic. The lyrics in puirt (plural of the word port = dance tune) are generally meaningless or nonsensical. Many Gaelic singers therefore do not believe in publishing translations of puirt-a-beul. The song is probably from Lewis and has been popularised recently by appearing on several albums. The origins of puirt are unclear and may have resulted from the banning of pipes after the 1745 uprising, or the religious opposition to musical instruments (at its height in the mid 19th century). It is important to realise how interwoven puirt-a-beul is with both fiddling and various forms of dance - the song, tune and dance all go together as an entity. In Cape Breton, the Gaelic speaking fiddlers all know the words to the songs they play. For these musicians, puirt-a-beul is not a substitute for fiddling but an inseparable component of it. For you can't know a tune properly (i.e. with its inherent Gaelic rhythm intact) unless you know the words which give it that rhythm. This is why many fear for the future of Cape Breton fiddling, which seems so strong with so many talented young fiddlers around. Puirt was not used only for step dances but for country dances as well-there are tunes and tempos for jigs, reels and strathspeys. There is a Cape Breton dance and puirt about a loom weaving. In this dance, the dancers are squatted or crouched and leap up to simulate the rise and fall of the harnesses on the loom, whilst others weave in and out to indicate the shuttle flying back and forth. In Cape Breton people also perform step dances around a row of lighted candles, which they extinguish one by one with the soles of their feet while dancing.

Christine Primrose has recorded the song with "Mac-talla". Mouth Music got it from a 78 recording by Calum Cameron. Calum currently sings with the Edinburgh Gaelic choir and is active in the Edinburgh Gaelic scene generally. Mac-talla are the best group for traditional Gaelic song and their renditions of puirt-a-beul are excellent.

The song is sung by repeating each verse followed by the chorus twice. There are two "versions" to the song. One version has mostly vocables or nonsense words for the chorus except when the chorus is sung for the second time, the last line of the chorus is replaced by the last line of the previous verse. This is the version recorded by Capercaillie and Mac-talla. The other version has real words for the chorus and the chorus does not change after each verse. This is the version in "Eilean Fraoich" and the Mod music. The tune itself is published under three titles - 's ioma rud a dhith orm (= I need many things), Mór a' Cheannaich (Morag, daughter of the merchant) and Domhnall dubh an Domhnallaich (black haired Donald MacDonald). Mórag is cognate with the English name "Sarah". The alternate forms, Morag, Moraig and Mhorag are simply different grammatical uses of the same name.

In the Mod music, this song is followed by a reel Mur a bitheadh Domhnull. This is another Lewis song, also available in the book "Eilean Fraoich".

The Lyrics

These lyrics are a compilation of all the lyrics I know. I have retained the acute accents which have been officially abolished by the Scottish Education Dept as I believe they help learners to understand the pronunciation.

Rann 1/Verse 1

'S ioma' rud a dhìth orm
	        There are many things which I need (ioma' is short for iomadh) 
A dh' fheumainn fhìn mu'n dčanainn banais 
					     Before I can have a wedding feast
'S ioma' rud a dhìth orm		    There are many things which I need 
A dh' fheumainn fhìn mu'n pòsainn 	              Before I can get married

Seist/Chorus

I bhi a bhi ù bhi à bhi
	   (eevee ahvee oovee ahvee   -- meaningless vocables, quite common in 
						     choruses of puirt-a-beul)
Air do shlaint' a Mhór a' Cheannaich!
			       To your health, Morag, daughter of the merchant
I bhi a bhi ù bhi à bhi 				(meaningless vocables)
Siud ort fhéin a' Mhórag!				  Here's to you, Morag

Rann 2/Verse 2

(this is the chorus in the other "Mod" arrangement)
Fàinneachan is grìogagan				       Rings and beads
A bheirinn fhinn do Mhór a' Cheannaich	     I would give to Mor a' Cheannaich
Fàinneachan is grìogagan				       Rings and beads
A bheirinn fhinn do Mhórag				 I would give to Morag

Rann 3/Verse 3

Domhnall dubh an Domhnallaich	       Black (haired) Donald of the MacDonalds
       (Note: Domhnallach is a more usual way of saying "MacDonald" in Gaelic)
A nochd an tòir air Mór a' Cheannaich
				    Is tonight chasing after Mor a' Cheannaich
   (Toir, meaning to chase or pursue is the source of the English word "Tory")
Domhnall dubh an Domhnallaich   			Black Donald MacDonald
A nochd an toir air Móraig    			Is tonight chasing after Morag

Rann 4/Verse 4

Aonghas Mac-a'-Phìobaire 			       Angus, son of the Piper
'S e fhéin a' strì ri Mór a' Cheannaich
			      It's he who is struggling with Mor a' Cheannaich
Aonghas Mac-a'-Phìobaire 			       Angus, son of the Piper
'S e fhéin a' strì ri Móraig		  It's he who is struggling with Morag

Rann 5/Verse 5

Dh'oladh sinn is dhannsadh sinn				We drank and we danced
Air oidhche banais Mór a' Cheannaich		 On the night of Mor's wedding
Dh'oladh sinn is dhannsadh sinn				We drank and we danced
Air oidhche banais Mórag		       On the night of Morag's wedding

Rann 6/Verse 6

Dh' aindeon 's dé na chuala mi			       Despite what I've heard
Cha toir mi fuath do Mhór a' Cheannaich		I won't hate Mor a' Cheannaich
Dh' aindeon 's dé na chuala mi			       Despite what I've heard
Cha toir mi fuath do Mhóraig				    I won't hate Morag

Published sources

"Tog fonn!", Gaelic songs and dance tunes, Taigh na Teud, Breacais Ard, Skye (words and music, no translation)
"Eilean Fraoich", Lewis Gaelic songs and Melodies, published by Acair, Stornoway (words and music, no translation)
An Comunn Gaidhealach, music for 1994 Royal National Mod puirt-a-beul competition. Arranged for 4 part choir, (words and music, no translation). Contact An Comunn Gaidhealach, 109 Sràid na h-Eaglais, Inbhir Nis, IV1 1EY.

Recordings

Capercaillie, "Crosswinds" album (Green Linnet)
Sileas, "Beating Harps" album (Green Linnet)
Mac-talla, "Mairidh gaol is ceol" (Temple)
Mouth Music, "Mouth Music" (Triple Earth)

A correct pronunciation of the words of the song is possibly available from the Lothian Gaelic choir who socialise in the West End Hotel on Thursdays. The choir sang this song at the 1994 Royal National Mod in Dunoon.

Notes by Craig Cockburn when he was a member of Scots Songs and Ballads Group, The Adult Learning Project, Edinburgh and joint Director, The Gaelic Learners' Association, Inverness.

Thanks also to Nicholas Freer, Eosa O' Murchu and Colin Campbell who helped with the research and all those on Gaelic-L!

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